Pattern Coins – These are trial pieces struck to test new designs, denominations, or metal compositions. They were typically reviewed by Mint officials or Congress before a final decision was made.
Famous Patterns – The 1856 Flying Eagle cent is among the most famous. Although technically a pattern, it saw limited release and is widely collected.
Prototypes – Unlike patterns, prototypes are usually pre-production models meant to test the design process or striking mechanics, often made in very small numbers.
Fantasy Pieces – These are coins never authorized by the government but sometimes created by Mint workers or private minters. A notable example is the 1868 Washington $1 fantasy coin.
Experimental Coins – During wartime, like WWII, the Mint experimented with different metals due to shortages. Some test pieces never became official coins.
Political or Promotional Use – Some fantasy coins were made to support political movements or ideas but never had legal tender status.
Collector Demand – Many pattern and fantasy coins are now highly valuable, prized for their rarity and historical importance.