Structural Coloration – Unlike other birds that rely on pigments, hummingbirds’ colors come from microscopic structures in their feathers that manipulate light.
Microscopic Platelets – Hummingbird feathers contain layers of microscopic platelets filled with tiny air bubbles, which reflect and refract light in unique ways.
Iridescence Effect – The feathers act like prisms, splitting light into different wavelengths, creating the metallic, shimmering effect we see.
Angle-Dependent Colors – The color of a hummingbird’s feathers can change depending on the angle of the light and the viewer's position.
Thin-Film Interference – The platelets in the feathers create interference patterns, amplifying some colors while canceling out others.
Role of Melanin – Dark pigment (melanin) in the feather structures helps control light absorption and enhances the reflective effect.
Brighter in Sunlight – The iridescent effect is strongest in direct sunlight, making hummingbirds appear even more vibrant.
Species-Specific Colors – Different hummingbird species have unique feather structures that produce distinct colors.